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Stevenson and Conrad The Duality of Human Nature - 778 Words

The Victorian Age marked a period of immense transition in many aspects of human life. In 1859 Charles Darwin published The Origin of Species, a work that opposed the traditional way of perceiving religion. Candyce Klin author of â€Å"Darwinism as A Cultural Issue†, states that The Origin of Species proposed the theory that all living creatures had to compete within their own preconditions in order to survive. This may be why the controversial issue of the duality of human nature has been found at the heart of many Victorian works. The theme of the duality of man can be found in the works of two famous English authors, Robert Louis Stevenson and Joseph Conrad. Stevenson and Conrad both incorporate the theme of the duality of human nature within their own novellas. Stevenson employs this theme throughout his novella The Strange Case of Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde and similarly Conrad employs this theme throughout his novella Heart of Darkness. In both novellas the theme is found i n the literary devices of symbolism and personification. Although both works embody the theme of the duality of human nature, each author takes their own individual approach in utilizing literary techniques to help preserve this crucial theme. Robert Louis Stevenson was born in Edinburgh on November 13, 1850. From a young age Stevenson was fascinated with the darker side of human nature, reflecting his abiding interest in the concept of a double life (The Norton Anthology of English Literature 1643).Show MoreRelatedStevenson and Conrad: The Duality of Human Nature 949 Words   |  4 PagesConrad also employs the literary device of symbolism to further display the theme, the duality of human nature in his novella Heart of Darkness. Three major examples of symbolism are evident in this novella. These examples include, light and dark, the Congo River, and ivory. Similar to Stevenson, Conrad uses light and dark symbolism throughout his novella. Yet curiously in Heart of Darkness, light does not symbolize genuine goodness nor does dark symbolize pure calamity. Marlow proves this when heRead MoreStevenson and Conrad: The Duality of Human Nature 680 Words   |  3 Pagesis shown to further demonstrate the theme, the duality in human nature. Personification is defined as the ascription of a personal nature or human characteristics to something nonhuman, or the representation of a theoretical quality in human form. Stevenson uses personification to figuratively make London come alive. Mr. Utterson comments on the scenery by saying: â€Å"the fog still slept ... lamps glimmered like carbuncles† (Stevenson 1959). Stevenson further describes the city through the literaryRead More Stevenson and Conrad: The Duality of Human Nature 1793 Words   |  8 Pagesaspects of human life. In 1859 Charles Darwin published The Origin of Species, a work that opposed the traditional way of perceiving religion. Candyce Klin author of â€Å"Darwinism as A Cultural Issue†, states that The Origin of Species proposed the theory that all living creatures had to compete within their own preconditions in order to survive. This may be why the controversial issue of the duality of human nature has been found at the heart of many Victorian works. The theme of the duality of man canRead MoreVictorian Novel9605 Words   |  39 Pagesrevolutions and fighting across the Channel, in Britain was completely different. Here, the most vital issue for all citizens was stability and rising standards of living. Artists of ‘Pre- Raphaelite Brotherhood’ claimed to write only true about nature, concentrate only on the true ideas. These three years saw the rise of such works: of Bronte sisters’ Poems, Charlotte Bronte’s Jane Eyre, Emily Bronte’s Wuthering Heights, William Thackeray’s Vanity Fair. The Following twenty years could be seen

A Piece of String Free Essays

Tim Gadwell Ms. Bryant April 12, 2010 Period 1-B Pg. 953 Essay In the story â€Å"A Piece of String† the story focuses on an old man named Maitre Houchecome. We will write a custom essay sample on A Piece of String or any similar topic only for you Order Now The story goes through a certain timeline of cause and effect which in the end results in his demise. Then on top of that he was said to have a bad experience with lying in the past. The events in the story had coincidentally occurred in sequential order rather than occurring at random times. The causes in the story produced more effects than one. IT all starts when Market Day occurs and as a result farmers and gardeners were all taking their possessions they were ready to sell to get money. Maitre Houchecome was walking towards the public square when he stopped and saw a piece of string lying on the ground. The story says Houchecome was economically like a true Norman. So as he bends over to pick up the string his back is hurting due to his reumatism and then he notices his arch nemesis Maitre Maladain, the Harness-Maker. Because Houchecome and Maladain were not on good terms with each other Houchecome felt that he needed to watch what he was doing at all times so he didn’t look stupid in front of Maladain. This choice Houchecome made showed that he was a very pride filled person and worried what people thought about him especially Maladain. Houchecome then picks up the string but then tries to conceal it so that Maladain does not se what he grabbed. He thought that Maladain would surely judge him for picking up a useless thing like that. As the day went by people were finishing up there sales and all of them went into a restaurant to eat due to the all the sales they went through. Then when they finish an announcer walks up and says that Someone lost their pocketbook (wallet) that morning along the road of Benzeville, containing 500 francs. Then the police had come and specifically asked for Maitre Houchecome and they escorted him the Mayor’s office where he learns that he was suspected of stealing the wallet. This is where cause and effect ties in, because Houchecome was acting weird and didn’t want Maladain to see what he was picking up Maladain suspected that he took the wallet and went and told the Mayor. Also because Houchecome had lied in the past it made it very hard to believe that he was innocent. Also because he was suspected he turned out his pockets and grew very angry with them. Again because of his past it made the townspeople believe that he took the wallet. This made him plead his innocence but his words were empty in the ears of the townspeople. Then the wallet gets found and still no one believes him because they think that he had a partner that had the wallet and then turned it back in to prove his innocence. The townspeople found this situation very humorous from the jump and kept teasing him and poking fun at him. This troubled Houchecome very much and he thought night and day of how to make people believe that he was innocent. He was said to have gone home ashamed indignant and was choking with anger and confusion. The situation consumed his heart and made him wear himself out for no particular reason and then he wasted away. Even in the end he was very troubled and pleaded his innocence while he was dying. How to cite A Piece of String, Papers

Global Consumer Behavior in Fashion Industry Free Sample Solution

Question: Describe about the Global Consumer Behavior for Fashion Industry? Answer: Introduction Consumer behavior is a broad field of study that provides insight of consumers psychological, cultural and anthropological information that helps in building the business model for knowing the taste of the consumers. It is a fact that consumer behavior is being a cognitive and behavioral trait of human being; it is difficult to evaluate it empirically and implement any action for determining any exact solution. There are many companies who deal with fashion products in the market are eager to customize their consumers lately due to intense competition. In addition to this, there are many products are upcoming in this industry every day with help of open technological place that is making problem for the veteran players in this market to sustain their position. It is also a concerned matter for the fashion industry that new emerging markets have different choices and taste of fashion, thereby; it is difficult for them to understand the needs of the emerging markets. This paper aims in delivering the review on the consumer behavior especially in the fashion industry of UK. Further, the study will emphasize on the sentiment on fast fashion of the consumers in the country applying the historical analysis on this sector by analyzing the catalogues of the magazines on fashion in the country. Literature review The past studies on this topic has viewed this subject as the change in taste of the consumers mainly rather the pushing from the marketers. The fashion of people was influenced by some celebrities and some sort of reputed incidents in the past (Letherby, 2003). Past studies were bounded in defining the effect of consumer behavior largely on fashion industry due to mentality of people and structure of society mainly as there was little scope for the researchers in diverting the concept of fashion in society (Ammi, 2012). In the past research of Belk (2010), there are many common terms used in daily life that is concerned matter for understanding consumer behavior among them attitude is one of them which plays a vital role in determining the as observed by HILL MARTIN (2012), attitude is the motivational aspect of human being on individual level where four primary functions work as the pillar for the building the correct motivation for the consumers utilitarian, ego, value and knowledge. The four functions clearly deliver a unique altitude to the behavior of an individual while different motivational aspects produce different attitudes in the consumers (Krishna Schwarz, 2012). The defender of this theory also state that attitude is the key metric for behavior and is developed among the consumers by experiences (Paul Rana, 2012). Therefore, it is a key concern about assessing the attitude of the consumers in assessing the behavior of them in this process. Attitude has three metrics cognition, affection and behavior. These three metrics have many influences on attitude and thus, it is also observed in the hierarchy of effects that behavior has immeasurable influence on it (Williams, 2014). Another point of view in this regard has made different models on consumer behavior that assess the exact extinction points for the business and the driving power for them. ABC model is one of them that evaluates the attitude of customer in this sense which clearly indicates the low knowledge of the customers are least effective for making the customers loyal to any brand (Ammi, 2012). In this method of consumerism, advertising and packaging makes good sense for them to attract for their growth in consumerism. Value is another parameter that helps them to motivate the consumer in making decision. Another research has concluded that there are many researchers have been conducted in this field, which has expressed concern over the matter as clothing decision is driven by the values perceived by the individual consumer. It is the interaction of an individual where consumer may experience from perceiving it either by interacting products or the service after sales as delivered by the companies (Kassa and Kassa, 2013). Therefore, it is also a metrics and provides direction towards the ethical consumerism for those value added products those restrict the business of fashion and clothing using the restricted animal products. The argument from Schiffman Kanuk and Wisenblit (2010), states that values of product and service provides customers an idea of ethical consumerism and also perceiving that value provides a chance to make loyalty towards a brand or product. Another theory states that motivation is another key aspect in this context, which is used vastly in determining the customers behavior on individual level. According to Bekhet and Alak (2011), it is a process where behavior is maintained throughout the cycle of it. Motivation theory is able to define the needs of cloth and also the fashion in this buying too. It also explains the drive of consumers for any substance very clearly. Therefore, it is an obvious way to judge the motivation of consumers for understanding the behavior of the current people who intend to buy clothes and also the fashion. As stated by Goldsmith Flynn and Clark (2012), fundamentally people buy cloth to cover their body a basic need in life. However, the theory was discarded by HILL and MARTIN (2012), stating that buying clothes are more about fashion rather covering body for the urban people who believes in draw attention of others. It is known as immodesty in context of psychology where people declares as them as modest although behaves like immodest (Hoyer and MacInnis, 2010). According to the viewpoint of (), the theory of adornment seems to be nicely represent the needs of people for wearing clothes stating that it has an impact on creating individuals identity where personal decoration gets more value from the consumers (Hyndman and Ozerturk, 2011). There might be different motive in buying the same clothes with same behavior. Therefore, motivation of people in buying fashion is impossible directly so it is assessed through behavior of people. In this case, Maslows hierarchy of states might be important as it predicts the need theory of people structurally. The needs of higher level of people are esteemed by self motivated while for the lower level of people the same is driven by their fundamental needs (Iniesta and Snchez, 2012). Here is another theory that states the stage of social need is someway different from the exact and pure need of people by means of physically while it is a need through their emotional sensitiveness (Ishak and Zabil, 2012). Consumer behavior is also driven by customer loyalty of consumers for any products or brand. Customer loyalty is the field of study that enables a company to know its sure business. Loyalty is an emotional phenomenon as stated by Kim and Kim (2012), which drives the customers blind with their judging power and also reduces their urge of checking the products. However, from the perspective of business, it provides the companies in clothing and fashion industry loyal and regular customer that drives their business in a steady from (Lancaster and Luck, 2010). There is slight different in brand loyalty and product loyalty that drives the business of fashion industry at top notches. Due to presence of many products and dynamic changes in customers taste of clothing and fashion, the industry seek for making brand loyalty important for the consumers as it provides them to secure their newly launched products. It makes a bond between the two consumers and brand where each may believe other for a long time Ostinelli Luna and Ringberg (2014). From motivational catalyst in brand, consumers have affinity of buying products especially the fashion products that have launched new in market. These products are not bought due to crossing the complex process of buying decision it is the impulse of customers that drives them to buy them those new products (Park and Ha, 2014). Impulse buying is the main reagent of invading the customer loyalty as the latter one faces stiff challenges from the previous one due to of its presence. There are three types of impulse buying as segregated by Yuk-Lan, Gopal and Kanji, (2011), stating that majority of customers are buying new products due to their unplanned purchasing of substitute products while some of them also buying without any plan of buy. Another reason is partially unplanned buying of products that drive the brand selection and product choice of consumers. Emotional factors such as positive feeling is a catalyst in impulse buying of customers due to decision made by them is not criteria based rather instinct based (Paul and Rana, 2012). Decision making is the most complex part in consumer behavior as it describes the process of buying decision started from selection of products to comparison of those using cost benefit analysis. According to Rouf Ahmad, Rainier and Ahmad, (2012), cost benefit analysis is an useful tool in making decision on buying products such as fashionable and clothing products. however, it was discarded by Ren, Zhang and Tang, (2011), stating that fashionable products have least chance of making decision using cost benefit analysis rather it might be useful in using the model of trend and beliefs in making decision of selecting the products. In simple term, the need is the basic factor for consumer buying decision of any products it is also true for fashion and clothing products. The choices of products are different for the consumable product in daily life for the customers as in this case the decision making becomes more complicated for the people as observed in the information booklet of fashion magazines (Bauer Media, June 2011). The defender of this theory states that clothing is such type of industry where people make decision of buying products due to many steps of this process. Need, information seeking, comparison making with other brands and evaluation of that brand or product is done in this process. The last and final stage is to buy the product and win happiness for that one which might satisfy the customers much (Letherby, 2003). Different view in this matter is argued by Williams (2014) that buying decision is made on basis of four factors mainly product, brand, price and time to buy. Product and brand have immense importance in this case as fashion industry is driven by the image of brand mainly as seen by Ene, and Ozkaya, (2014), further, price does make a sense for middle class people in the society as they have little scope in maintaining the fashion and brand altogether. Demographically observation made by some researchers as stating that in fashion industry, the main customers are female who are engaged in this industry as a customer mainly having the share majority. Many researches of critics state that shopping is a basic instinct for the female who love to shop or impulse driven to shop fashionable items and clothes (Solomon et al. 2013). Criticism state that female biased fashion industry face the challenges for capturing their taste as it has changed a lot for the last decade and it is becoming a great challenge for the fashion company due to this dynamicity in taste of fashion. The change in mentality is the key driver in this context where female gender has started revolving the industry for many years. It is also observed by Williams (2014), that female consumers have many choices in buying products to maintain their fashion as it is important to them for making their presence and identity in the society. Social status also plays a crucial role in purchasing decision of fashion products of female species. Fashion industry also observed that women are much more value driven in making decision for their buying lists and also it has revealed in many researches that their presence with unique value driven product makes them feel happy and exceptional among others (Sandberg and Mena, 2014). As stated by Ren, Zhang, and Tang, (2011), men are not far behind the women although their fashion is restricted to a special class of people who love to spend time and money for a well established fashion and adorable lifestyle. There is a special arm has grown for men to provide the need for the men for maintaining the fashion and clothing sense approved by the highest sensible manner for their different lifestyle. It is also observed from the research of Rouf Ahmad., Rainayee, and Ahmad, (2012), that fashion consciousness has driven from mainly branding and loyalty of consumers. In addition to this, the mentality of using the value added product is also a concern regarding this matter (Ostinelli Luna, and Ringberg, 2014). Therefore, a new arm like for the children has also grown up in this segment of business. As opined by Schiffman, Kanuk, and Wisenblit, (2010), distribution of income is also a factor in this matter where society and emerging economy has started to do so which is delivering key reagent to fashion industry to expand. Price has great influence on this matter as it provides the edge of purchasing power to the customers as well as select fashionable standard for them (Jones, 2010). The consumer behavior in fashion industry is also driven by design of the clothes and the quality as provided with it. The quality driven fashion industry is in the edge of attracting the customers towards them for the requiem of unsung and non-branded products. The fashion research on early days in the country was totally based on the culture as it was customary for the society then to use wears as the standard and position in society for the people (Cova, Kozinets, and Shankar, 2007). Frazer (1987) observed that there was little scope for the fashion to grow up twenty years back as it was customary and trend for the workers and their families used to wear fashion-ill clothes as it was not popular among them due to fashion was bounded among the higher class of the society. Further, it was observed that psychologically people were not ready to accept the fashion as a daily work for them (Bocock, 1993). Critical evaluation From the literature review, it is observed that in UK there are many fashion company those are doing their business with notching their head upon the other brands due to many reasons. The fashion industry is divided into two parts here fast fashion with a leading distribution time and excellence in design of the products. The first one is important to catch the trend and taste of fashionable products of the people in this market while the latter one is engaged with providing sophisticated design and quality for the products to consumers (Bbc.com, 2015). As stated by Udel.edu, (2015), HM and Zara are delivering such fast fashion to the UK society to grab the majority of the market in the country and their market share is also high comparing to others. The policy of doing business in this method is to provide fashion for all at an affordable price with making the consumers much impulse driven so that trendy products sold more. However, the niche strategies of these companies are not s uitable to invade the higher societys customers who love to buy fashionable products after meeting their needs (Huang and Dubinsky, 2013). Fast fashion companies have made their products affordable to the common people by sourcing it from the manufacturers of Asia where low labor cost has made it possible to them for providing fashion driven products at nominal price. Companies like Primark, New Look and many others have sourced their products from countries like Bangladesh, India and China due to low operating cost. From the research of Sandberg and Mena, (2014), it is clear that fashion companies which have retail operation in Europe and mainly in UK, they are sourcing their supply using their overall good supply chain strategy and predictability of demand from the consumer end. The apparel industry has become production driven due to high demand for it in society while before some decades it was a market driven industry as observed by (Sabrina, E2014). It is also observed that fast retail industry has selected in integrating their business model vertically for lowering their inventory level in their central warehouse all the year which has made them to allow more profit due to efficient management. The retail business of fashion industry is driven by many companies who spend only a handful of money into advertising and branding of their individual product rather they spend on the location and ambience of their products (Ostinelli, Luna, and Ringberg, 2014). It helps them in building a different image inside the consumers also place them in drawing attention of people from all parts of the society. Further, providing special types of fashion to the society for a small time of window has made them to push their new products in a driving impulse to the consumers much and also it is the key to grow the sales more lately (Lancaster and Luck, 2010). The consumer behavior of the industry can be studied in future where it was clear that dynamic change in relation and instability in career has made the consumers dynamically changed with their fashion and period of changing it recently. As stated by Kim and Kim, (2012), fashion buying is much impulse driven rather motivated to the products for fast fashion retail industry. The section develops an idea of providing arguments on the fashion industry of UK in the perspective of different past literature. Further, it was designed with the insight of current situation for estimating the future development can be possible in this matter. The section also concludes on the analyzing on consumer behavior in the society in current context. Proposal for study In this context, for getting a details study in fashion market of UK, it is needed to conduct a research thoroughly where the fast fashion and retail both industry are necessary to be associated. The research will be conducted in gathering secondary information where a comparative study will be followed among the consumers. The style of the research will be to gather information using a proxy variable like changes made in fashion magazines in UK. The fashion magazines provide information on latest fashion to the consumers of fashion industry so they need to change their presentations and catalogue from time to time as the taste of consumers and readers changes in UK. The comparative changes in the catalogue of magazines will provide an idea of the rate of changes in fashion industry. The research will be conducted using the old publications of fashion magazines like Grazia, Look, Heat, Pick Me Up, She etc. which are regularly published in the country and also provides the insights of latest fashion in clothing of women, men and kids. The catalogues of the magazines need to be segmented into three demographic parts women, men and children, whereas further, segregation like daily wear, night clothe, office wear, formal and informal, playtime and tourist guide for every segments forgetting the rate of changes in every segment separately. In addition to this, the wears new in design and styles have been introduced in the retail shops will also need to be evaluated as it might produce artificial change rate in the nation. In this case the above said segmentation will be provided and a detailed comparative analysis will be done on evaluating the rate of introduction of new design and new wears with change in new demand among consumers. I would also like to observe the existing customers selection of buying apparels and categorized them into high to low demand for getting the insight of affordability and type of taste for this sector in UK. Therefore, the research will also emphasize on the price and affordability of the fashion products by reviewing the information on the hot sale in values and in numbers. The target of this research will be to understand the clothing market specifically as it covers the fast fashion for all men, women and children. In this context, the design, innovativeness, quality, supply, value and price will be concerned matter for the survey where the key information related to those will be gathered. I also believe that design and availability of product is going to be the most vital parameters in this regard while the advertisements from the retailers about their products are going to be the simple advertising of drive the consumers awareness of products in their stock. In addition to this, I think that political red eyes and openness in society and in overall country holds a matter of concern in this case as politics governs the system of the society as a whole. It also affects the consumption of people a lot due to having impact on the decision making capability of people. Conclusion It might be conclude from the above study that many fashion companies which are driven by fast fashionable products are drawing attention for their special strategy. Further, the changing consumer behavior due to their changes policies are also a driving factor in their business. It is also observed from the above study that fashion industry provides fast fashion at affordable price to the society of UK providing to maintain fashion for all segment of society. It is also a factor for driving the ethical consumerism in UK while using of clothes especially from which ailment general thread or animal skin. The study has also emphasized on the matter of buying decision influenced by the strategy considered by the retail fashion companies in UK and the freedom to make decision on fashion buying for the consumers Reference lists Ammi, C. (2012). Global consumer behavior. London: ISTE. Schiffman, L., Kanuk, L. and Wisenblit, J. (2010). Consumer behavior. Upper Saddle River, N.J.: Pearson Education/Prentice Hall. Bekhet, H. and Alak, B. (2011). Measuring e-statement quality impact on customer satisfaction and loyalty. IJEF, 5(4), p.299. Goldsmith, R., Flynn, L. and Clark, R. (2012). Motivators of market mavenism in the retail environment. Journal of Retailing and Consumer Services, 19(4), pp.390-397. HILL, R. and MARTIN, K. (2012). Absolute and Relative Restriction and Consumer Behavior: Implications for Understanding Global Consumption. Journal of Consumer Affairs, 46(1), pp.37-61. Hoyer, W. and MacInnis, D. (2010). Consumer behavior. Australia: South-Western Cengage Learning, pp. 25-28. Hyndman, K. and Ozerturk, S. (2011). Consumer information in a market for expert services. Journal of Economic Behavior Organization, 80(3), pp.628-640. Iniesta, M. and Snchez, M. (2012). Retail-consumer commitment and market segmentation. 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Announcement of a Special Issue in Journal of Consumer Psychology on: Sensory perception, embodiment, and grounded cognition: Implications for consumer behavior".Journal Of Consumer Psychology,22(2), 161. doi:10.1016/j.jcps.2012.03.004 Paul, J., Rana, J. (2012). Consumer behavior and purchase intention for organic food.Journal Of Consumer Marketing,29(6), 412-422. doi:10.1108/07363761211259223 Williams, P. (2014). Emotions and Consumer Behavior.Journal Of Consumer Research,40(5), viii-xi. doi:10.1086/674429 Bocock, R. (1993), Consumption: Key Concepts. Cova, B., Kozinets, R.V. and Shankar, A. (2007), Consumer Tribes. Letherby, G. (2003) Feminist Research in Theory and Practice. Open University Press: Oxford Solomon M., Bamossy G., Askegaard S. and Hogg M. (2013) Consumer Behaviour: A European Perspective (Fourth Edition), London: FT Prentice Hall. Jones, L. 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Dementia Essay Example

Dementia Essay There are many causes of dementia,including neurological disorders such as Alchemies s disease,blood flow-related (vascular) disorders such as multi- infarct disease,inherited disorders such as Huntington s disease and infections such as HIVE. The most common causes of dementia include: Degenerative neurological diseases such as Alchemies s,dementia with Lee dies,Parkinson s and Huntington s. Vascular disorders ,such as multiple- infarct dementia,which is causes by multiple strokes in the brain. Infections that affect the central nervous system,such as HIVE dementia complex and Credulity-Jacob disease. Chronic drug use. Depression. Certain types of hydrocephalus,an accumulation of fluid in the brain that car result from developmental or brain tumors. Alchemies ;s disease causes 50-70% of all dementia. However ,researchers are finding that some Of what was previously considered Alchemies s disease is really one of two other degenerative diseases: Eely body and Pick s ease-There also are a number of other important disorders that can lead to dementia-Some of these are potentially reversible,at least partially and should be considered before a diagnosis of Alchemies s disease is made. 2. Describe the likely signs and symptoms of the most common causes of dementia. The first signs of dementia are short-term memory loss. Symptoms of dementia are dependent upon the areas of brain are affected and the key symptoms are include: Loss of memory-Forgetting some recent incidents and inability to recall information, Disorientation-people forget their familiar surroundings neighborhood, wondering how they got there and do not know how to get back home. Communication- people suffering from dementia forget simple words and substitute some irrelevant words in their speech,this making it difficult to understand for the listener. We will write a custom essay sample on Dementia specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Dementia specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Dementia specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer Abstract thinking- people suffering from dementia have trouble carrying out simple calculations such as adding numbers and sometimes even forget the purpose of numbers and calculation. Poor or reduced judgment-people suffering with dementia have poor judgment and do not know how to react IR emergencies. Performance of familiar tasks- people face difficulty in reforming daily activities such as preparing a meal or coffee,operating an oven,making telephone calls Etc Mood or behavior changes- people suffering from dementia exhibit rapid changes in moods such as a happy / joyous mood to tears or anger for no apparent reason. Misplacing articles- people with dementia tend to misplace articles in unusual places,such as placing a wristwatch in a sugar bowl,etc. Loss of initiative- people become passive-watching TV for longer duration,sleeping for longer hours and not performing normal activities. Change in personality dramatic changes in irrationality of people suffering from dementia are also observed. 3. Tontine the risk factors for the most common causes of dementia. There are many risk factors of dementia,many of which are as a result of damage or changes in the brain: Certain disease such as Alchemies s ,Parkinson s,Eely body diseases. Certain diseases that affect the blood vessels due to stroke Which can cause multi-infarct dementia. Excessive consumption of alcohol and drugs. Deficiency in nutrition such as vitamin BIB and foliate deficiency. Infections such as AIDS,dementia complex and Credulity-Jacob disease . Accumulate f fluid (hydrocephalus) in the brain can lead to developmental abnormalities,injuries, and/or brain tumors. Head injuries- may be a single severe injury or several injuries as in the case of boxers, Illness of the kid or liver,lung infections. 4. Identify prevalence rates for different types of dementia. Prevalence rates of different types of dementia to include: prevalence increasing in 6 (20%) people over the age of 80 having a form of demented The prevalence rates in the UK (i. E. How frequent dementia occurs population)as per 2013 figures based on Alchemists Society research. 40-arrears-1 in 100 5-69 years- 1 in 100 70-79 years 1 in 25 80+ years 1 in 6 The number Of people with these differ ent types Of dementia can then be broken down into the following: Alchemists Disease 62%, Vascular dementia 17%, Dementia with I-eve. . Ray Bodies 4%, Front-temporal Dementia 2%. Statistics: 835,000 people with different types of dementia in 2014(Alchemies s society AAA)- England 700. 000 (84%), Scotland Wales 45,000 (5%), Northern Ireland 20,000 (2%). 40,000 younger people with dementia in 201 3; 25,000 people from black in 2013. Outcome 4 Understand factors relating to an individual s experience of . Describe how different individuals may experience living with dementia depending on age,type of dementia,and level of ability and disability. A diagnosis of dementia will have a big impact on your life. You and yours family may worry about how long you can care for yourself *specially if you live alone. People with dementia can remain independent for some time but will need support from family and friends. LIVING AT HOME in the wary stages of dementia ,many people with dementia are able to look after their homes in the same way as before their diagnosis. As the illness gets worse ,people with dementia find it difficult to look after their homes and will ones help with daily activities such as housework and shopping . They may also need adaptations to their home to keep themselves safe,mobile and independent. KEEPING ACTIVE- People with dementia should continue to enjoy their hobbies and interests. These activities are enjoyable and keep people alert and stimulated so they maintain an interest in life. Do not rule out an activity simply because you or your family member has dementia. Activities may change as the illness gets worse,but people with dementia can and should intention to enjoy their spare time.

Acid Anhydride Definition - Chemistry Glossary

Acid Anhydride Definition - Chemistry Glossary Acid Anhydride Definition: An acid anhydride is a nonmetal oxide which reacts with water to form an acidic solution. In organic chemistry, an acid anhydride is a functional group consisting of two acyl groups joined together by an oxygen atom. Acid anhydride also refers to compounds containing the acid anhydride functional group. Acid anhydrides are named from the acids that created them. The acid part of the name is replaced with anhydride. For example, the acid anhydride formed from acetic acid would be acetic anhydride. Sources IUPAC, Compendium of Chemical Terminology, 2nd ed. (the Gold Book) (2006).Nelson, D. L.; Cox, M. M. (2000). Lehninger, Principles of Biochemistry, 3rd Ed. Worth Publishing: New York. ISBN 1-57259-153-6.Panico R., Powell W.H., Richer J.C., eds. (1993). Recommendation R-5.7.7. A Guide to IUPAC Nomenclature of Organic Compounds. IUPAC/Blackwell Science. pp. 123–25. ISBN 0-632-03488-2.

Angelina Grimk's Letters to Catharine Beecher Essay

Angelina Grimk's Letters to Catharine Beecher - Essay Example Such a formulaic approach may be somewhat non-engaging with the reader; however, it is necessary in order to understand the progression and development that many of the key agents of societal change have embarked upon as they have sought to better themselves as well as the societies in which they lived. This was very much the case with Angelina Grimke’s efforts to abolish slavery and better the plight of women in the society of her time. As such, this brief analysis piece will discuss the ways in which Grimke accomplished some of these feats as a function of analysis of the letters that she wrote to a fellow friend and colleague Catharine Beecher. The back and forth between the two women has been subsequently published by a number of different sources that sought to analyze the distinct political and social growth that their debate precipitated. The fact of the matter was that Beecher and Grimke represented the very early forms of conservative and liberal thought within the Am erican political system. Although neither of them had the right to vote or carried any great amount of political clout, the arguments that were employed as well as the type of logic they both relied upon denotes a fundamentally American development of the political spectrum from that of the woman that supported the status quo as something â€Å"ordained by God† and the woman who found the status quo repulsive and ripe for a systemic change which could work to make the American political and social landscape more representative, fair, and less racist. In one of her letters, Beecher wrote to Grimke, â€Å"Women hold a subordinate position to men as ‘a beneficent and immutable Divine law’ †¦ and are the proper persons to make appeals to the rulers whom they appoint†¦ [females] are surely out of their place in attempting to do it themselves†.1 Such a world view is of course patently evident of a very traditional acceptance of gender roles within soci ety. However, it should be noted that rather than engaging on the topic of whether or not slavery was itself a tenable and/or defensible position, Beecher chose instead to argue the point from the perspective that women should put themselves in subjugation to the men who have the God-given right to make and define law. Such an approach was of course a cheap rhetorical attempt to ignore the broader moral question that defined the issues. As such, Grimke’s response served to exploit and shine light on such a cheap rhetorical aside. Said Grimke as a way of response to such a traditionalist and closed-minded response to the moral ills of the time, â€Å"Women ought to feel a peculiar sympathy in the colored man's wrong, for, like him, she has been accused of mental inferiority, and denied the privileges of a liberal education†. 2 In such a way, Grimke brought the debate directly back to the prescient issue with regards to how women are as morally responsible for the sin of slavery as their male counterparts. Grimke goes on to state, â€Å"The doctrine of blind obedience and unqualified submission to any human power, whether civil or ecclesiastical, is the doctrine of despotism, and ought to have no place among Republicans and Christians†.3 Although many of her time thought her to be a radical of sorts and

Web Based Delphi Information System Research Paper

Web Based Delphi Information System - Research Paper Example Property management systems are computerized systems that are used in the manufacturing, logistic, government and hospitality industry for managing properties. PMS is single software capable of performing numerous services including, management of personal property, equipment, and the associated legalities. In this digital age where web based applications such as PMS provide a competitive edge over old-fashioned, paper-based management mechanisms, these applications should entirely be incorporated into the business environment of any organization. This paper attempts to explore the advantages the PMS software such as Delphi would have on the hospitality environment such as chains of hotels. The hotel industry is made up of ventures interlinked together to provide wholesome services to consumers. Starting from reservations all the way to check out, all this activities need to be documented in a harmonious way. The adoption of technology is therefore necessary to promote interoperabili ty as well as efficiency. The many hotel systems such as point-of-sale, telephone, security and room control, entertainment and ordering, telephone services, accounts, HR and payroll among others are comprehensively packaged together in single PMS software. By automating these services, better customer service is achieved, which encourages spending, and consequently better returns. The automation can be achieved at a single entity or/and integrated throughout a worldwide chains.

APT- Arbitrage Pricing Theory and CAPM-Capital Asset Pricing Model Research Paper - 1

APT- Arbitrage Pricing Theory and CAPM-Capital Asset Pricing Model - Research Paper Example Therefore, if beta equals 1 this stock is equally risky with the market if it is 2 the same stock is twice risky in comparison to the market. While on the other hand, APT utilizes individual factors in place of beta. Also APT does not apply the market return rate and thus considered to be more particular to a given stock in focus. CAPM’s data is objective while APT applies data from a single stock. Thus, CAPM is recommendable to an investor who is relatively dormant as compared to APT, which if correctly applied is better placed to assess projects. (Grover, 2010) Some authors have applied APT and compared the resultant estimates with those of CAPM. Patterson notes one of the cases where such has been done is the electric utility’s, written by Ross and Roll in their 1983 book. According to Patterson the end results of APT were credible in comparison to those of CAPM. But, this was without enough justification for the results. (Patterson, 1995 p151) Besides the first two, there are methods of assessment like the Dividend Growth Model and Modern Portfolio Theory. The Dividend Growth Model shows the value of ordinary shares in a present value of the prospected future flows of cash which has been invested by an investor. The receivable cash inflows are taken as dividends as well as the expected price in future while the stock will be disposed of. An ordinary share usually does not possess the maturity and thus, it is held for numerous years. Therefore, a general ordinary shares’ valuation introduced by Gordon would be as below; Just to mention, the other model investment assessment is known as MPT- Modern Portfolio Theory. This is a theory applied by investors who are risk averse and at the same time, they want to achieve maximum or optimum level of expected return which is based on the market risk level. It emphasizes that risk is inherent in the process of getting the rewards associated with it.  Ã‚  

Relationships Between Risk And Criminology

Relationships Between Risk And Criminology Explore the relationship between risk and criminology. To what extent, if any, have ideas about risk influenced our concepts and management of crime? This essay will explore the relationship between risk and criminology. In doing so, it will examine arguments surrounding a modern day society of risk, to demonstrate a strong intrinsic link between the two. This argument will show the direct link by highlighting how crime prevention approaches seem to control and manage the opportunities for crime. It will shown how arguments and the foundations of risk communication (Beck, 1992: 4; Denney, 2005: 82-103) have helped shape the modern day view of crime management, by presenting examples formulated from a perspective of risk management. Early theoretical attempts to crime management, as suggested by Foucault (1977), revolve around the individual where rehabilitation or conformity is obtained from the individual via controls, such as surveillance (Denney, 2005: 114-6). Prisons are particularly relevant, where Foucault progresses theses ideas of attempting to regulate the individual into an accepted behaviour. Foucault (1977: 25) was suggesting that society had developed technologies of power which were then used to discipline and punish individuals who strayed from what society felt tolerable. Furedi (2002: 12) states: an enlightened society recognizes that human beings need to take risks and that in so doing, they will sometimes experience an adverse outcome. Risk is part of life and a society that adopts the view that preventing injury is an end in itself will have to ban a variety of creative and challenging activities. By offering this definition, Furedi was accepting that we live in a risk society as described by Hardy (2006: 41) as technical factors outweigh social ones and risk analysis is increasingly developed in relation to technological domain and therefore demonstrates how technology has been used in society to determine risk within that society. Thus offering evidence of high risk areas utilising insurance models, as endorsed by the Home Office, to construct crime reduction strategies. OMalley (2009b) also highlights that risk society is an integral part of modern day life and connects risk management techniques to most problems, including criminology. OMalley (2003: 449) eludes to the fact that there has been a noticed shift from crime management of individuals where behaviour control was the kingpin, drawing on actuarial and insurance based approaches. Cohen (1985: 82) was the first to highlight the fact that there was a rapid change to crime prevention involving situational crime prevention, which involved mapping out opportunities for crime and reducing the risk of its occurrence. Feeley and Simon (1994: 175) view risk as the use of statistical models of prediction to reduce harm, whilst Rose (2000: 322) claims that risk involves the use of non-statistical models to minimise risk based on models of uncertainty. Criminologists appear to favour a mixture of both since Haggerty (2003: 193-194) points out that crime prevention techniques seem to involve the management of risk with little reference to statistical models but involves encouraging members of the community to keep a watchful eye over their surroundings, i.e. Neighbourho od Watch. Risk is viewed by people in many different ways for example, victims view risk in terms of the fear of crime a factor becoming more focused by the Government and the actual risks that a criminal is prepared to take in order to achieve their goal or reward. OMalley (2009a: 2) highlights two reports published in the 80s: The Floud Report (1982) and the Greenwood Report (Rand Corporation 1982) which brought in a new approach to crime management by recommending that risk considerations should be embedded in to the Criminal Justice System. OMalley (2009a: 2) writes that recommendations from the Floud Report included implementation of protective sentences which he argued could restructure risk and would not focus on the individual but on the size of the community most at risk from the offender. Likewise, he states that the Greenwood Report argued that the use of statistical models to identify high risk offenders would be an efficient way to allocate longer sentences in order to minimise the risk they present to the community. The resultant was that a few Criminologists (Cohen, 1985; Feely and Simon, 1992; OMalley, 2003) began to shift from correctional theories to develop predictive models to manage crime. Feeley and Simon (1994) pushed the idea of actuarial justice for decisions on sentencing durations by displacement due to incapacitation, thus managing the offender via the Criminal Justice System. A working example of this is the Prolific Priority Offender (PPO), where an individual is categorised and then receives enhanced attention via the Criminal Justice system, (Home Office, 2008). Generally, this approach has been met with criticism (Rose, 2000: 333) where predictive models may criminalise and incapacitate individuals who may not re-offend. There is also a danger of creating further offenders via the labelling theory (Vold et al, 2002: 210-216; Newman and Marongiu, 1997: 158-9). Both the American three strike rule and fact that within the UK convicted sex offenders must inform the Police of their address in order to be risk managed signalled a move within the Criminal Justice System where risk assessment was a part of the whole process. Baumann (2000: 208-10) identified the use of risk management within the pe nal system creating two separate groups the high risk ones who are not given much rehabilitation and the lower risk groups who are viewed with high suspicion regarding their ability to reform and are then excluded from society. Feeley and Simons (1994) research goes a long way to corroborate Baumanns position as it found that predictive models of actuarial justice appeared to target Black and Hispanic working class people in America. Risk management within the Criminal Justice System attempt to minimise the opportunity for criminals to re-offend. As part of risk management, the UK Government has expanded its Protective Services and ensures that agencies work closely together in order to manage specific risk offenders. The probation Service leads DMAPP and CMAPP meetings where an offender on licence can be judged to be a risk to the community and if so may have some draconian powers utilised to restrict and control them. As pointed out by OMalley (2003: 450) situational crime prevention is not concerned with causes of crime and does not encroach on rehabilitation or incarceration of the offender. Instead, it is concerned with how to manage the risk of crime. OMalley recognises the actuarial characteristics of situational crime prevention is more aligned with neo-conservative, rationalist and the New Right whose beliefs are concerned with population management, increased punishment for offenders and displacing the risk to help reduce the fear of crime and enhance societies economic status. Previous theories identified opportunities such as open windows as a high crime risk, situational crime prevention goes further and introduces the concept of the offender having a rational choice (Vold et al, 2002: 203). Cornish and Clarke (2003: 43) allude to prompts and suggest that situational cues are what can trigger criminal behaviour. Therefore, whilst situational crime prevention is concerned with risk manag ement, it introduces the concept that the offender chooses to offend for specific reasons. Rational choice (Vold et al, 2002: 203) suggests that the offender weighs up the risks associated with committing the offence against the benefits from successfully completing the actions to see if the crime is worth committing. Therefore, OMalley (2003) proposes that actuarial justice draws heavily from rational choice theory by doubting the reasons for the offence and constructs the individual as abstract, universal and rational (OMalley, 2003: 451). In the same way that individuals feel they have a right to freedom, rational choice allows such freedoms to do good and therefore when an individual chooses to do harm, then they must be judged accordingly. Foucault noticed that the Criminal Justice System was created with a notion that there were other factors responsible for crime, thus reducing the opportunity for responsibility (Foucault, 1977: 252). OMalley (2003: 451) maintains that the criminal abstract, using an arterial justice framework, the issue of responsibility and its place within the Criminal Justice framework is once again prominent and matched by the New Right philosophy of punitive and just deserts sentencing framework. Incapacitation seems to be the main argument used by supporters of situational crime prevention because they feel it removes the offender from the opportunity of committing further crime and indeed the prison population in the UK and America are at an all time high. Race, class, gender are not routinely a considered factor within situational crime prevention and when they are, OMalley (2003) states: If bothered with at all, they are taken to be predictive of behaviours, not explanatory of meaningful actions (OMalley, 2003: 452). Situational crime prevention brings the victim back to the centre of crime management and criminal justice techniques, placing public safety at the forefront. Although situational crime draws from rational choice theory to explain the behaviour of the offender, it does the same for the victim. This model is about the victim also taking a lead role and being part of the crime prevention model by being aware of any vulnerabilities they are exposing by the surroundings or their actions. This thinking, as proposed by Cohen and Felson (1979) are the foundations of Routine Activity Theory. They claim that criminology concentrated on the offender and paid little attention to the criminal act itself. They increased the argument that lifestyle changes, such as employment, leisure and education influenced the occurrence of crimes and that individuals needed to evaluate these risks and make rational decisions, thus making them less likely to be targets. Cohen and Felson (1979: 593-7) concentrat ed on the location where the crime actually occurred and the surrounding conditions that contributed to making the crime viable. Routine activity theory articulates that a crime can only happen when one or more criminals are motivated and the individuals see an opportunity to commit the crime. The associated argument that managing risk is part of routine activity theory further supports the fact that the criminal must be able to observe few preventative barriers that would make the commission of the crime unsuccessful. From these arguments, Cohen and Felson (1979: 588) highlighted that changes in the way property and valuables are dealt with would have an impact upon the opportunity for crime. The impact of risk analysis, according to Cohen and Felson (1979: 588) is significant, as the risk of crime can be reduced by implementing preventative measures which make the commission of the crime unattractive to the criminal. Smith, Clarke and Pease (2002: 75) highlight research that shows crime prevention initiatives often have anticipatory benefits. These benefits broadly surround change, but are ultimately connected to communication a risk to the potential offender. These principle ideas on managing risk have had a tremendous influence on how crime is policed. Interestingly, Felson (1987) extended his application of routine activity theory to include white collar crime and organised crime. With the development of situational crime prevention Felson (1987) hoped to prevent crimes that were caused by changes in routine activity. Situational crime prevention sees the offender calculating the risks associated with committing the crime, for example, the likelihood that they will not be apprehended. By causing this, the consequences are a reduction in crime by reducing the opportunities. Therefore the risk considerations for both the victim and offender are significant in crime prevention strategies such as improved street lighting (Farrington and Welsh, 2006: 209-224) and the installation and use of closed circuit television (CCTV) (Welsh and Farrington, 2006: 193-208), together with more police patrols (Poyserm, 2004). Policing is increasingly using situational crime prevention strategies and techniques through risk assessment to study crime patterns and implement intervention. As part of the analysis, police use crime data together with environmental and social factors in vulnerable areas to identify who are likely targets and for what reasons. By utilising these techniques they are able to develop bespoke crime reduction strategies for that specific problem. Hamilton-Smith and Kent (2005: 423-5) explain have situational crime prevention techniques have been tailored to target dwelling burglary. They recognise and acknowledge that there have been many models developed to help achieve the reductions and management, but specifically highlight a recognised model by Cornish and Clarke, which is called the 25 techniques (Hamilton-Smith and Kent, 2005: 423; Cornish and Clarke, 2003: 42). Jones (2005: 471) utilises the Oxford English Dictionary (1989) to give a suitable definition of surveillance, which appears quite appropriate: Watch or guard kept over a person, etc., especially over a person, a prisoner; or the like often, spying, supervision; [à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦] supervision for the purpose of control, superintendence. [à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦] of devices, vessels, etc., used in military or police surveillance. Modern crime fighting techniques have positively developed from new forms of surveillance, starting with the prison which was the focus of Foucaults (1977) gaze and saw authorities monitoring the behaviour of prisoners in a structured manner. Braithwaite (2000: 224) took inspiration from Foucaults (1991) reference to the term governmentality and suggested that the state had developed many technological models to manage the risk of deviant behaviour and ensure order is kept to that considered acceptable by general society. These technologies concentrate on the management of risk to control crime and maintain social order. These methods are usually directed at crime control in order to affect social order. The management of some technologies are governed by legislation such as Regulation of Investigatory Powers Act 2000, (OPSI, 2000), yet they can still be abused, which can taint public perception (Big Brother Watch, 2009). Rose (2000) progresses the theory of modulation where the behaviour of social members is controlled by various agencies. Rose believes that this is also a form of risk management aimed at reducing deviance. Rose states: Control society is one of constant and never ending modulation where the modulation occurs within the flows and transactions between the forces and capacities of the human subject and the practices in which he or she participates. (Rose, 2000: 325) The view of Rose supports that of Deleuze (1995: 3-7) who states we live in societies of control. Basically, both commentators hypothesis that prison is no longer the sole place where deviance and risk are controlled, but where the use of digital technology are an important part of the risk assessment toolbox in order to monitor behavior and reduce crime through analyzing risky situations. Melossi (2000: 296-7) argues that the representation of the criminal is not static and therefore surveillance methods and crime control have to change to reflect this contextual dynamism. It is for this reason that continuous risk assessments of hot spots, vulnerable areas and criminal behavior is touted by supporters of situational crime prevention as necessary in order to maintain public order, protection of the public and to control the fear of crime. A relatively new concept in policing is the introduction of hotspots which are used to enhance the service and reduction of crime in a cost effective manner. Hotspots (Braga, 2006: 179-190) are usually busy urban areas, low level crime but high frequency or a pocket of heavy crime occurrence. Risk management is not without its issues and when things go wrong they can have a significant impact on the publics confidence with agencies designed to prevent such failings (BBC News, 2008; BBC News, 2010). The Police service is reacting and learning from these and similar failings and by using risk management techniques has brought a new term in to their daily assessment process, this being People Susceptible to Harm (PSH). Sherman and Weisburd (1995: 634) feel that strategic work around hotspots is more successful than general beat patrolling. They suggest that the police often do not have enough resources to adequately offer sufficient patrols, therefore by concentrating on hotspots, this will give the police a greater chance of observing the hotspot areas and increase the risks for the criminal, thus reducing their likelihood of committing a crime. This argument was supported by their research in Kansas, United States, where they analyzed the influence of police presence in hotspot areas. They found that the increase in patrols in hotspot areas reduced crime which was attributed to criminals apprehension of being caught. Risk has also contributed to the development of community policing within the UK. The success of community policing is based on the ethos that individuals who belong to a community are more likely to be attentive to reducing crime opportunities in their area. It also encourages the community to work with the police to improve crime prevention and their environment, such as lack of good street lighting, overgrown shrubs in alleyways and Neighborhood Watch Schemes. Skogan (2006: 29-31) proposes that community policing incorporates three factors that help police manage the risk of crime: community involvement, problem solving and decentralization. By depending upon the public to provide information to help the police in order for them to reduce the risk of crime, it is clear that modern policing shows how important managing the risk of crime is. Community Forums, where the community members are invited to help set policing priorities and together with other agencies, help tackle crime i s now well embedded in to all areas of the UK (Communities 2010). The application of the broken windows theory within policing has influenced crime management. According to the broken windows theory, consistent public disorder within a community that goes unchecked will lead to more and more serious crime and a downward spiral of urban decay (Kelling and Coles, 1996: 20). Drawing from situational crime prevention, the UK police encourage the community members to report litter, damage, graffiti and broken windows since it is thought that if they are left unchecked this would contribute to the deterioration of society and contribute to crime. The increased use of CCTV is further evidence of risk management influencing crime prevention. The use of CCTV may deter crime due to the increased risk the criminal will be aware of (Brown, 1995: 1-2). This point is extended by Edwards and Tilley (1994: 12) who demonstrate that the use of CCTV reduces crime due to its ability to provide evidence to help convict the offender. Not only does it act as a crime deterrent, but it also acts as a sign for potential victims who are then more aware of the need for them to take preventative steps to reduce potential opportunities for crime. An example of CCTV being used as a risk management tool to reduce crime is in publicity and visibility of the cameras, such as in many public car parks and trains. Such use of CCTV has significantly assisted in the reduction of theft and robberies on the transport system (Laycock and Tilley, 1995: 535). Hayden, Williamson and Webber (2007: 298-304) demonstrated how Nottinghamshire police used risk assessment methods to identify youth offending and correlated post codes to highlight areas of high anti-social behaviour among young people in specific locations for targeting. They show how police in the UK employ the use of geodemographic classifications, alongside statistical and operational data gathered from the police crime reports, and analyze the data using GIS system. There has been a significant increase in the use of GIS in many parts of the UK to map crime and use spatial analysis to identify hotspots for many kinds of crime and therefore inform policing measures to counter these occurrences. The increased effort to manipulate environmental factors which could cause crime and to encourage safer communities is directly linked to the polices use of risk management. Community crime prevention is a major part of social justice and community cohesion in the UK. The implementation of community prevention initiatives, such as Safer Cities, Safer Communities, Sure Start programmes are examples of how risk considerations have influenced crime prevention in the UK (Home Office, 2004). While they do not wholly employ a risk model, by rejecting socio-economic circumstances of offenders, they rely on risk management principles to identify areas which need policing and individuals who are at risk to commit crimes. Ekblom and Tilley (2000: 377) highlight that the police concentrate on the origin of the offence and distribute resources accordingly to make committing an offence more complex for the offender, which is another example of how risk management has influenced crime reduction. Crime prevention technologies, such as electronic tags (Denney, 2005: 128; McDougall et al, 2006: 123-4) and how police have increased their technology to monitor receivers, demonstrates the modern day crime prevention strategies in identifying and managing various risks of crime to occur. Installing and maintaining adequate street lighting is a technique used to enhance the belief by the offender that they are more likely to be observed and apprehended. Painter and Farrington (1999: 80-83) conducted research in to street lighting as a method of crime prevention which reported some success. Their case study of street lighting improvements in Stoke-on-Trent found that crime was reduced in areas which had lighting u pgrades. The theory of using street lighting to control the commission of crime is based on the theory that the offender will form the opinion that there will be a reduced reward and increased risk of being caught. A knock on effect is reducing the fear of crime within the community which has the effect of improving community cohesion (Painter and Farrington, 1999: 82). Likewise, the introduction of electronic entry/exit systems to hotspot areas such as estate buildings and problematic car parks increases the publics awareness and encourages them to burglar proof their dwellings and park their cars in garages as often as they can is evidence of risk management influencing crime control policy. The basic philosophy being that of reducing the appeal of potential targets to potential offenders. More recently, particularly after 9/11, risk management led crime prevention measures have contributed to intelligence led policing and how the crime authorities are able to prevent and respond to terrorism (Birkland, 2004: 186-89). The speed in which the London bombers were apprehended demonstrates the successful use of intelligence led policing (Denny, 2005: 136-138). Risk management strategies were effective in intercepting terrorist activities, especially via the use of CCTV. This is an example demonstrating that risk analysis of situational circumstances open to terrorists for crime have assisted policing in this area. Intelligence led policing is informed by problem oriented policing which seeks to analyze crime patterns to minimize the motivation of likely offenders and also to analyze and assess the police response to crimes committed and their effectiveness. In this manner, the policing of crime is constantly being improved in response to changing environmental and motivatio nal factors for crime (McGarrell et al, 2007: 143). Despite this, critics such as Hobsbawn (1994: 53) point out that increased risk assessments aimed to prevent situational crime has not reduced the crime rate. The UK is currently seeing its highest rate of prison population and this is expected to continue to increase further. One explanation for this increase in the recorded and detection of crimes is the rate of technological advancements, especially in relation to surveillance and intense policing. Hobsbawn (1994: 570) deliberates that modern day society is now in the crisis decades, whereby disorganization has reached unthinkable excesses. Melossi (2000: 314) contends that what we see today is the state increasing its control and risk technologies to temper the seemingly fractured and disorderly watched masses, while the imprisoned population increase and crime continues. It is clearly evident that there is now an intrinsic link between risk and criminology as the use of actuarial risk analysis methodologies is now an essential crime management tool within policing. Risk analysis in criminology is entrenched in the belief that man has a rational choice and the freedom to decide to do what is right or wrong. While risk methods have not being fully employed to secure incarcerations, measures such as Megans law in the United States the three strikes law, and the necessity for convicted sex offenders to report their addresses to police indicate that risk is being used to prevent crime. Furthermore, the prevalence of technologies such as CCTV, tagging, GIS to determine crime hot spots and increased street lighting initiatives demonstrate how actuarial models of risk are being employed effectively within criminology on a daily basis. Likewise situational crime prevention models are also being used on a daily basis to evaluate the risks of crime and reduce their opportunities.

Smart Bombs: The History and Future of Strategic Bombardment Essay

Smart Bombs: The History and Future of Strategic Bombardment Introduction Every kid loves to hear stories from their grandparents about something that they have experienced in their life. For me, some of the best stories came from my father about the air war that was waged over Europe during World War II. He often told me of a day that a formation of almost 1,000 bombers flew over his base: "The drone of the planes could be heard for miles and made us on the ground feel as small as ants. There were over 1,000 of them overhead, in a perfect formation, each one with four engines roaring. They looked invincible to us on the ground; there were so many of them. After seeing the destruction that they brought upon the German cities and factories, I was thankful they were on our side." Those "invincible" planes my father told me of were American B-17 Bombers. With a range of 1,850 miles, a maximum ceiling of 35,600 ft. and a bomb load of 8,000 pounds, the B-17 Flying Fortress was one of the most capable of the long range bombers of World War II. Though these statistics are impressive, the technology that made this bomber so impressive was its bomb sight. The United States Army Air Corps claimed that its Norden Bomb sight, which was used in the B-17, could "place a bomb in a pickle barrel at 20,000 feet." Though it was not quite as accurate as claimed, it could hit a 100 foot square target area consistently from 20,000 feet. Using this bomb sight, which was considered top secret for the first years of the war, formations of up to 1,000 B-17's would be able to hit a target in broad daylight accurately. The effects of these bombing runs were felt heavily in the Germans manufacturing industry. On October 14, 1943, 229 B-17s ... ...003. 19 March. 2004. http://www.astronautix.com/lvs/batasmn2.htm Webmaster. "GBU-15." Military Analysis Network. May 13. 2003. 19 March. 2004. <http://www.fas.org/man/dod-101/sys/smart/gbu-15.htm> Webmaster. "Guided Bomb Unit-10 (GBU-10)." Military Analysis Network. 19 February. 1998. 19 March. 2004. <http://www.fas.org/man/dod-101/sys/smart/gbu-10.htm> Webmaster. "Guided Bomb Unit-28 (GBU-28) Bunker Buster." Military Analysis Network. 28 February. 1998. 19 March. 2004. <http://www.fas.org/man/dod-101/sys/smart/gbu-28.htm> Webmaster. "Joint Direct Attack Munition (JDAM)." May 13. 2003. 19 March. 2004. ? <http://www.fas.org/man/dod-101/sys/smart/jdam.htm> WWII Statistics. 1999. <http://www.angelfire.com/ct/ww2europe/stats.html> ` "Zeppelin ZI." Spartacus School Net. <http://www.spartacus.schoolnet.co.uk/FWWzeppelin.htm>

Black People and Racism Essay

â€Å"There are hundred of races in the world. Unfortunately, for as long as human have existed, we have enslave those weaker, of those we perceived to be weaker than ourselves†(thinkquest). Racism is everywhere, and we often see it on the streets and schools. There are many short stories and poems that are termed as racist. â€Å"On Being Told I Don’t Speak Like a Black Person† by Allison Joseph, â€Å" Sonny’s Blue† by James Baldwin, and â€Å" Blink Your Eyes† by Sekou Sundiata are renaissance works that show the issues of racism that black people had lived and are still living today. In â€Å"On Being Told I Don’t Speak Like a Black Person† by Allison Joseph, the author tells the story about a young Negro whose mother received brutal treatment in her school in England. In the beginning, Allison says: â€Å"Emphasize the â€Å"h†, you hignorant ass†(557). This shows that the â€Å"h† is sarcastic, and the â€Å"tone condescending intensifies racism†(Caroline). They might have used the emphasis of â€Å"h† to humiliate the negro, to make them feel bad about their skin color, and to show the negro that they cannot fit in the white society even if they become educated. Negros have suffered horrible experiences. Allison wrote about the way teachers treated Negro in school. She says: â€Å" †¦teachers slapped her open palm with a ruler in that Jamaican schoolroom†(557). Allison’s mother lived under a white teacher’s pressure, and the teachers showed this negra that she will never learn how to speak like the whites, and they can spank her because she is black, and blacks cannot do anything against the teachers because the whites have the power and the Negro is a submissive servant. In addition, Allison also shows her own life in the United States. Allison is a black person living in the United States, and she sees people discriminating her because she does not act like a black person. Allison writes: â€Å" And I didn’t sound like a Black American, college acquaintance observed, sure they knew that a black person was supposed to sound like. Was I supposed to sound lazy† (557) Allison shows that America’s society judge the black just for their skin color, and most white people see the Negro as lazy, and do not work to bring money home, do not go to school, and do not know how to speak. For example, some restaurant servers prejudice the Negro when they walk into the restaurant by making their own assumption that the table with Negro will not leave any tip. However, in many cases, they are wrong because the table with Negro might leave more tip than a table with white people. Racism is not gone. The Negro is still facing it today, but racism today is expressed differently than it was in the renaissance era. During the renaissance in Harlem, the Negro did not have enough opportunities for their future due to racism. In â€Å"Sonny’s Blue† by James Baldwin, the author tells the story of two black brothers born in Harlem, and the older brother losses communication with his young brother, Sonny. The older brother is the narrator of the short story. Later on, they reconnect due to news the narrator receives about Sonny’s prison. Before the narrator reconnects his life back to his brother, he shows many problems both had because they are Negro. Racism is evident throughout the story. The narrator wrote about Sonny’s friend. â€Å"And now, even though he was a grown-up man, he still hung around that block, still spend hours on the street corners, was always high and raggy†(310). It shows that the Negro do not have opportunities to become successful in life. The Negro has barriers between them and the outside world, which prevent most negro to obtain education or skills, and they are obligated to live on the streets corners asking for money, using drugs and stealing. In addition, the narrator also shows how racism affect the education of a negro which can be describe as Sonny’s choice of life. Sonny choice of life relates to the lack of opportunities black people have during the renaissance in Harlem. After the death of Sonny’s mother, the narrator tries to open Sonny’s mind, and advises him to finish school. In the kitchen talking to Sonny, the narrator writes: â€Å"I want to join the army. Or the navy, I don’t care. If I say I’m old enough, they’ll believe me†(321). Sonny already knows that there aren’t opportunities for him. He is forced to choose among necessities; he sees the army as the only opportunity open for Negro to escape from the streets. On the other hand, the school will give him the degree, but he does not believe that it will help him find a good job. He already knows that there are no doors open for the Negro. However, the narrator disagrees with Sonny. They are still in the kitchen talking about Sonny’s future. â€Å"†¦ But if you don’t finish school now, you’re going to be sorry later that you didn’t†(321). His brother is showing him that he can fight against racism, and he can find opportunities for his life. For example, His brother â€Å"denied† racism, and he gained education and skills to become an algebra teacher, but Sonny does not see it, and he chooses to live on the street like his â€Å"friend†. In addition to the lack of opportunity, black people are more often to be discriminate in traffic than whites. In the poem, â€Å"Blink Your Eyes† by Sekou Sundiata, the author shows the reader a Negro is stopped by the police officer because he is black even though the Negro didn’t do anything wrong. The author writes about the red light. â€Å"But the Law said I was on my way thru a red light red light red light†(582). The following passage, the red light means that this area is not for Negro. It is a neighborhood where white people live, and black people around can be seen as a threat to their place. However, this is not an excuse for the officer to stop this person. Sundiata let the reader know that â€Å"†¦In other words the light was green†(582). The green light is open only for the white society; the Negro does not have chances to go to another level, so the door â€Å"always† will close for them. After the officer stops the negro, Sundiata writes: â€Å" Why did you stop me? Somebody had to stop you I watch the news, you always lose. You’re unreliable, that’s undeniable† (583). The white society do not want to let the negro have opportunities in life, and the negro will be always seen as a threat to the society, and the white society does not need them. The negro does not have the power to stop racism, and it will always be part of their life. However, it is changing. The negro has more voice today than in the past, and they are more recognized. For example, Oscar Grant’s case where a young black guy was murdered by a police officer by â€Å"mistake†. People see it as a â€Å"racism murder† (Jessie). Fortunately, the justice was made for his family. This shows us that Racism is not completely gone. The three stories from the Renaissance show us that black people had suffered racism for many years. From being stereotyped as lazy and uneducated, to not having opportunities to succeed in life and not being accepted by the white society, the Negro has had a difficult journey to improve their situation. Even though today racism is not as prominent as in the Renaissance, we still see some signs of racism that are not completely gone. Works Cited: Sundiata, Sekou. â€Å"Blink Your Eyes†. Approaching Literature. Peter Schakel and Jack Ridl – New York Bedford and Martin’s, 2008. Joseph, Allison. â€Å" On Being Told I Don’t Speak Like a Black Person†. Approaching Literature. Peter Schakel and Jack Ridl – New York Bedford and Martin’s, 2008. Baldwin, James. â€Å" Sonny’s Blue†. Approaching Literature. Peter Schakel and Jack Ridl – New York Bedford and Martin’s, 2008. Jessie. â€Å" Racism & The Murder of Oscar Grand III†. Racism Review Blog 17 Jan. 2010 < http://www. racismreview. com/blog/2009/01/07/racism-the-murder-of-oscar-grant-iii/ > Think Quest. â€Å"Common Prejudice†. < http://library. thinkquest. org/C006274/race/intro. html >.

Breast Feeding Essays

Breast Feeding Essays Breast Feeding Paper Breast Feeding Paper The first decision a new mother has to make is how to feed her newborn. Although many professional groups support breastfeeding as the best choice for babies, deciding to breastfeed or bottle-feed a baby is usually based on a mother’s comfort level as well as her standard of living. Because of medical or other reasons, even though breast milk is the ideal food for infants, many mothers still opt for formula feeding. Infant formulas have been developed to duplicate human milk but there are no formulas that are an exact replacement for human milk. ADVANTAGES OF BREAST FEEDING: Breast milk is best for babies. The American Association of Pediatrics (AAP) and other medical groups have always been urging mothers to breast feed their babies. Human infants deserve human milk and it meets all the required nutrients needed by infants. A baby will triple his or her weight during the first year of life, and a vast majority will come from the milk they drink.  ·Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Breast milk has numerous nutritional advantages. The amount of amino acids, sugars, vitamins, and lactose are just right for the digestion, growth and development of the baby. It is often called the â€Å"perfect food† for the baby’s digestive system. Its components are just right for the baby’s immature system.  ·Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Breast feeding is economical. It is the least expensive way to feed an infant. Although the mother has to eat nutritious food and continue to take vitamins, it is still inexpensive compared to buying formula milk. Mothers can save money and still provide the best nourishment for her baby.  ·Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Nursing helps most mothers lose weight after delivery, as more calories are used by breastfeeding each day.  ·Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Emotionally, nursing mothers experience an extra closeness with her baby. Nursing can have psychological benefits for the infant. The baby enjoys a sense of security from the warmth and presence of the mother, and the skin-to-skin contact creates a different kind of bonding between the mother and the infant.  ·Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Breast feeding is readily available for the baby at any hour of the day and night. Even if the mother is resting or sleeping, there is no need to get up, measure and mix drinks. There is also no bottle to sterilize.  ·Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Although not very reliable, nursing prevents early ovulation in nursing mothers, making it less likely for the mother to menstruate, ovulate, and get pregnant.  ·Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Working mothers can still give the best nutrients for their baby by using a breast pump to collect breast milk and placed in bottles to be given to their babies when they get hungry. LIMITATIONS;  ·Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   A mother’s nipples may get sore or cracked in the first few weeks and can be painful, especially when the breasts are full of milk.  ·Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Nursing the baby will affect the mother’s lifestyle. She should wear clothes that will enable her to breastfeed at any time of the day. Others may express concern at having to feed their babies in public.  ·Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Since breast milk is easily digested, the babies are always in constant demand for milk. Some mothers feel tied down by the frequent demands. WHEN FORMULA MILK IS NECESSARY Formula milk is necessary when mothers are afflicted with viruses such as HIV, herpes and Hepatitis and other infections that can be transmitted through breast milk. Common illnesses like colds, cough, flu, and skin infections can not be transmitted. In fact, breast milk contains antibodies that will protect the baby from those same illnesses. Given the facts stated above, one would recommend to any mothers the use of breast feeding to their babies. The advantages outweigh the disadvantages and the limitations are manageable. THE ABILITY OF CHILDREN WHO WERE BREAST FED TO FIGHT INFECTIONS: A survey was designed using 100 children, ranging from 2 years old and below. Of these, 50 children were breast fed for 6-12 months and 50 children were formula fed. Interviews were done on mothers of these 100 babies. Their health records, their height and weight charts from the time they were born were also studied. Upon completion of the survey, it was concluded that most of the babies who were breast fed were brought to their pediatrician only for vaccinations, minor colds and flu. While those who were formula fed have frequent visits to their pediatrician. In front of a group of expectant mothers, convincing them would be the primary goal. These data will be presented to them and it will prove that those babies who were breast fed have higher antibody levels than those who were formula fed. They have higher resistance and lower rate of illness. REFERENCE Williams, R.D. (1995, October). Breast-feeding best bet for babies. FDA Consumer Magazine. fda.gov/fdac/features/895_brstfeed.html Accessed 20February 2008.

Maya history essays

Maya history essays Until the arrival of the Spaniards conquistadors in 1526, the Maya civilization was a thriving nation. However, Mayan civilization changed forever after the arrival of the Franciscan monks. The religious aspect of the conquest of Mexico is important in the profound impact the Catholic religion had on the indigenoius people. One man in pacticular had a devastating effect on Mayan religious practices. In 1562, Friar Diego de Landa ordered the destruction of thousands of Mayan religious sculptures and manuscripts, along with the torture and murder of suspected Mayan non-Christians. One would think that because of the Spanish Conquest, the end of Mayan religion was imminent. However, despite the sufferings of the Mayan people, religious practices persisted, especially in rural villages. Religion was interwoven in culture, and personal history. In this way, the Mayans and their Spanish conquerors struggled for control of Mayan souls. Although Spanish priests converted the Maya to Roman Catholicism, there was a great deal of overlap between Maya and Christian belief systems. The systems were similar in many respects, and this union of customs and beliefs facilitated the merging of religions. The Mayans were converted to Roman Catholicism, but ancient practices were not forgotten. Some indigenous populations abandon their religion and accept the faith of the group that conquers them while other indigenous groups hold on to their own religions and religious practices for long periods of time. The factors of accepting Catholism depend on the political coercion and the persistence of the Spanish, the ability of the conquered Mayan people to resist by shielding themselves behind the strength of their own religious beliefs and practices and the absorption of new religion into the old religion. The Mayan civilization changed forever after the arrival of the Catholic missionaries. In 1562, the Mayan culture was dealt a severe blow when Fri...

Decisions in Paradise Part II Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Decisions in Paradise Part II - Research Paper Example The current investigation looks at applications and solutions in reference to the case, focusing on specific steps in the Step- ladder method of decision-making. The situation we face in the organization, with my partners, is one in which the company must be careful about its expansion into Kava. Since our company is considering Kava seriously as a location of interest and heightened presence, â€Å"That greater presence could take various forms, based on what’s good for our company and what’s good for the people of Kava. You and I get the chance to analyze, synthesize, and prescribe regarding that decision† (Case, 2009). It is important to remember that what we are doing is going into a new territory. We need to leave some of our assumptions about dominance and leadership behind, and be more collaborative, if we are going to be respected in this new territory. The Step Ladder method of decision-making can help us in Kava, because it equalizes decisions and makes sure that there is full contribution and teamwork among interested parties. â€Å"This results in a wider variety of ideas, it prevents people from "hiding" within the group, and it helps people avoid being "stepped on" or overpowered by stronger, louder group members† (Stepladder, 2009). One of the main problems addressed in the proposed expansion of our company, is that of seeing how the Step- ladder method affects decision-making in organizations. Leaders can creatively help along the team dynamic by making decisions, in defining what they do. There may be a period of quality assessment in which management leaders may discuss various ways in which to help team players feel an increasing sense of motivation and the drive to succeed in a positive context by helping leaders with feedback and taking the initiative to present new ideas. The Stepladder method stresses that a r elaxed and balanced atmosphere is

Intergrating the sciences and Practice of nursing Essay

Intergrating the sciences and Practice of nursing - Essay Example Therefore, the name is Jack and for confidentiality reasons, the placement setting will be anonymous. The patient gave consent after clear explanation regarding the information that is necessary for academic assignment purpose. The information in the report came from the patient, patient’s medical and nursing notes. Jack is a sixty-nine-year-old gentleman who has Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) diagnosis for nine years. Since then, Jack’s health has deteriorated, and he has lost much weight. Jack stopped smoking in 2007 two years after he was diagnosed with COPD. Jack is a widower who lives alone at home and has two cares four times a day. Apparently, the wife died of breast cancer five years ago, and they have a daughter who lives 140 miles away and sees the father once in a month. The nurses admitted Jack to the admissions ward with shortness of breath. However, they later diagnosed the patient with COPD exacerbation caused by the chest infection. An exacerbation is the worsening of symptoms from their usual stable state (NICE, 2010). The typical symptoms associated with COPD exacerbation are degenerating breathlessness, cough with increased sputum production and change in sputum color (NICE, 2010). COPD is characterized with the obstruction of the airway, which the medical stuff cannot fully reverse and progresses over time (NICE, 2010). The progressive narrowing of peripheral, airways are making it difficult and eventually impossible to breath cause the airway obstruction. World Health organization (WHO) (2010) states that the primary cause of COPD is smoking. However, occupational dusts and chemicals, exposure to indoor air pollution in those, who use biomass and coal for cooking, and frequent lower respiratory infections during childhood can cause it, as well. The nursing process is a four-stage process consisting of assessment, planning, implementation and evaluation. It is an organized planning

ITM501, Management Information Systems & Business Strategy, Mod 3 Case Essay

ITM501, Management Information Systems & Business Strategy, Mod 3 Case Assignment - Essay Example Many years ago there were vaccines discovered that prevented these two illnesses. Children before that were very ill when they got these diseases. Many of them died. After the vaccine was discovered and children were inoculated, both diseases virtually went away. However, later on parents decided not to get these vaccines because they did not trust them and both diseases began to come back and then were spread to others one at a time in daycares. That is the way a virus gets around in a computer group also. Not too long ago, as an example, a friend who takes care of a computer system in a hospital noticed a virus warning that kept moving around. Eventually it was everywhere. It was nearly impossible to get rid of. It got in through a computer that someone forgot to load the virus software on and that nurse had been out on the web. It was a very expensive mistake. The connection between a companys computer and home users is the same as my touching your hand and you passing me a virus. If you had flu shot and not got the virus, you would not have passed it to me. Virus software, of course, affects network security but so does malware (infoworld.com). Many IT specialists say that these are now worse than the Trojans were and are. Malware sends in search mechanisms that get deep into the computer information and pull out personal things like all your employees security information or the companys security information. These are set up, not by hackers but by people that are out there to make a profit on your information and it only takes visiting the web at the wrong site or downloading the wrong file. This is truly dangerous to your organization and to any of your employees that may be working from their own PCs at home. In todays world, we are all touched by computers and like keeping personal and important information that is in paper form secure, so is it

Psychology - Consciousness Essay Example for Free

Psychology Consciousness Essay Education in its general sense is a form of learning in which the knowledge, skills, and habits of a group of people are transferred from one generation to the next through teaching, training, or research. Education frequently takes place under the guidance of others, but may also be autodidactic. [1] Any experience that has a formative effect on the way one thinks, feels, or acts may be considered educational. the word education is derived from the Latin educatio (A breeding, a bringing up, a rearing) from educo (I educate, I train) which is related to the homonym educo (I lead forth, I take out; I raise up, I erect) from e- (from, out of) and duco (I lead, I conduct). PSYCHOLOGY It is the study of Psyche. Psyche it mean mind or soul as it appear in human. It is the totality of the human mind, conscious, and unconscious. The basic meaning of the Greek word psyche was life in the sense of breath, formed from the verb psyche derived meanings included spirit, soul, ghost, and ultimately self in the sense of conscious personality or psyche I AM GROWING AS PERSON Like all children, when I was growing up all I ever wanted to do was to be big. I always kept a close eye on my role models (my parents) and always tried to do anything they did. The skills I learn and the attitude I acquired from a young age would be of immense help to me in my later years. From the age of five, the memories I have are those of following my father around the yard watching feeding animals. My father would sometimes give me a small jar / container that I could help him feed the animal and although the job I did was insignificant and most likely not done properly, i always got a sense of pride and satisfaction in my work. In my teenage years my role around the house had changed. My father was no longer around and my mother had the pressure of providing for my younger brother and myself. During school holidays I was responsible for looking after my brother and keeping the amused at the same time, not an easy task at all. During this time I had also managed to get casual employment. Although the money I earn was not significant but it was enough for me to pay for my hobbies and ease some pressure off my mother. Now as an adult I have a steady job. I have never seen myself as a victim from anyone because all the good and bad experiences of my younger years it have helped me become a successful and determined person. The support that I received and continue to receive from my family was also a major drive for me to want to succeed as well. I think that everyones life is always full of good and bad experiences. The key is to appreciate the good and find a way of turning a negative situation into a positive. For example, when my father was no longer around it could have been seen to be a negative situation. However, learning to look after my brother and earning a little pocket money was perhaps the best and most useful experiences I had. In humans, growing up can be physical, emotional, spiritual, and psychological. This means that a person becomes more mature as a result of changes in behavior, actions and thoughts that are experienced in the process of growing up. An individual’s character and personality are seen as very vital as they grow up. While growing up, there are many challenges that a person may come across, and the opportunities to become a good person are always there. Due to our uniqueness, we tend to express our beliefs, convictions, and thoughts differently. One very important attribute in relation to growing up is the physical development. Though physical development may not necessarily translate in to growing up, growing up is closely related to physical maturity. An individual is considered to grow up when they display good character and responsible behavior. The process of growing up is always accompanied by a certain level of transformation in an individual, where transformation either makes one a better person or a bad person. At some stage in our lives, we are expected to be changed through the process of growing up. The expectations of the others from us assist in cultivating our actions and behavior that show that we are grown up or we are growing up. An individual who practice self control and display good behavior is a good example of a person who is growing up. These attributes define a grown up person and if a person displays these attributes, the person can be said to be growing up towards the right direction. Discipline is very essential in achieving human fulfillment . Since a person who is growing up seeks this fulfillment, there is no doubt that the only way a person can achieve fulfillment is through discipline.