Essay on Theories of Motivation - 1592 Words

Theories of Motivation The contemporary literature concerned with the human motivation processes can be described as a collection of miniature theories, each concerned with understanding and predicting behavior under a very limited set of conditions. This approach is contrasted with the global efforts of early personality theorists like Freud and Murray who attempted to develop more general theories of human motivation. The trend toward the miniature theory in this area can be understood as an attempt to develop theoretical concepts more precisely defined and testable than those provided by traditional personality theory. II - ATKINSONS NEED-ACHIEVEMENT THEORY†¦show more content†¦This test consists of showing and individual a series of ambiguous human scenes and asking him to white a brief story about each scene. An individual can score from 1 to 10 on the test with 10 representing a very high level of need achievement motivation and 1 very low. The score received on the TAT is the Ms value to be inserted into the equation. Ps is the individuals subjective estimate of the probability of success at the task. It is the assumed cognitive factor in Atkinsons theorizing. It is an attempt to qualify your expectancy concerning the outcome if a particular course of action is chosen. Is is the incentive value associated with success. According to Atkinson, it is the feeling of pride or value associated with achieving a goal. He defines Is as 1 - Ps. It suggests that the value or pride associated with succeeding at a very difficult task is greater than the value or pride associated with succeeding at an easy task.  § Taf Atkinson also assumes that fear of failure also affects your choice behavior. It is a negative source of motivation that represents the tendency to avoid the task. He defines Taf as follows: Taf = Maf x Pf x If. Maf is another stable personality trait that Atkinson assumes characterizes most of us to varying degrees. This trait is essentially an indication of the anxiety you have when approaching a task atShow MoreRelatedTheories Of Motivation And Motivation Theories1493 Words   |  6 Pagesextent, needs of theories of motivation are still relevant to contemporary management practice. Theories of motivation are important as it helps managers to understand their employees’ needs of motivations, and to motivate their employees to perform and excel better. There are several motivation theories; this essay will briefly explain six major theories of motivation and discuss three of the theories in more detail. This essay will also explain the needs theories of motivation, and will focus onRead MoreMotivation Theory : Motivation And Motivation846 Words   |  4 PagesProfessor Jones Psychology April 28 2016 Motivation Theories Having motivation to do something is very important. Motivation plays a huge roll in everyone’s life, even If someone has very little motivation. There are several types of motivation such as Instinct and drive motivation. These two motivations are quite similar, but different at the same time. I will compare and contrast both of these types of motivation and what I think about them. These motivations are very important to your life and canRead MoreMotivation Theories Of Motivation And Motivation Essay1020 Words   |  5 Pages Overview of Presentation What is motivation? Cognitive theories of Motivation Forms of Motivation Motivation Theories Profile of Motivational Problems How to Motivate Students What is Motivation? Many different theorists have tried to define what is meant by motiviation. Urdan and Schoenfelder (2006) defined Motivation as follows: â€Å"Motivation is a complex part of human psychology and behavior that influences how individuals choose to invest their time, how much energy they exert in any givenRead MoreMotivation And Theory Of Motivation1464 Words   |  6 PagesIt is suggested by psychologists that motivation can be understood as a technique that works as a model that starts and maintains behaviours. The reason we all act or do something is caused by motivation; it is related to the emotions, biology and the social factors that influence behaviour. It is usually a term used to explain why an individual will do something, the reasons behind that action. Moreover, The term motivation refers to factors that activate, direct, and sustain goal-directed behaviourRead MoreThe Theory Of Motivation And Motivation1401 Words   |  6 Pages Schools of thought in relation to motivation refer to the theories developed by different psychologists to explain motivation in dept. it is crucial to understand motivation and the factors that cause it since it contributes to achievement of one’s goal and desires in life. Therefore, motivation can be described as the process of enticing an individual through a reward to increase the occurrence of a specified behavior in an organization. Different factors can be used as motivators in an organizationRead MoreThe Theory Of Motivation And Motivation1010 Words   |  5 PagesMotivation is defined as an act or process that inspires and stimulates a person to be an effort to achieve a goal. It not only puts employees in act, but also makes them feel interesting with their job. As a result, most of employees are feeling satisfaction with their job, becoming creativity, innovation and productivity as well. However, to successful in motivating the staff is required an appropriate met hod that meets with all staff’s need. Otherwise, it is seems to useless in driving the employeesRead MoreMotivation Theory And Expectancy Theory Of Motivation1742 Words   |  7 Pagesplace. This problem mainly occurs in organisation when there is lack of motivation, lack of organisational justice, negative culture and low morale. The purpose of this case study is to give brief view about, why employees had to face these problems and how to make positive culture and what and where the changes are required for the WA force. This report introduces MARS motivation theory and Expectancy theory of motivation for improves officers’ behaviours towards force, with that how can they fillRead MoreMotivation Theories And Motivation Of Employee Motivation Essay1517 Words   |  7 Pagescontrol and some that are not. Employee motivation is something that can directly affect an organizations production. It is no secret that un-motivated employees equates to un-productive workers, but how can we combat this? In order to better understand this concept we will look at the definition of employee motivation, some of the motivation theories and some motivation techniques that could be useful in our organizations. What is employee motivation? Motivation is a word used quite often in many differentRead MoreMotivation Theories1236 Words   |  5 PagesThe four motivation theories are Biological theory, Psychosocial theory of motivation, Biopsychosocial, and Achievement theory. Everyone has their own motivation in life for continuing education, and career choices. Each person also has Intrinsic and Extrinsic motivators. Intrinsic is an internal motivation for self satisfaction. Extrinsic is an external motivation, or reward for a person’s accomplishment. Motivation Theories: Linda was motivated to go back to school because she wanted an educationRead MoreMotivation Theories1577 Words   |  7 Pagesâ€Å"Motivation is the will and desire that a person has to engage in a particular behaviour or perform a particular task† (Lawley King, P269). In life motivation will be needed to enhance the workforce in various ways, many organisations will use motivation to increase the percentage yield of an individual or to make an individual feel a part of the business or organisation. Incentives have a huge influence on behaviourist extrinsic approach. In addition other aspects; humanist theorist, intrinsic

Case Study Wheelworks Free Essays

Running head: Case Study: Wheelworks Case Study: Wheelworks Principle of Management After analyzing Wheelworks’ compensation and benefits structure, I have found that this organization meets every need demanded by its employees and motivates them in every level. When it comes to needs and motivations, there are two commonly used theories that explain each step. One of the most commonly used theories to explain the levels of needs and motivators is Maslow’s hierarchy of needs. We will write a custom essay sample on Case Study: Wheelworks or any similar topic only for you Order Now The other commonly used theory when explaining levels of needs and motivations is Herzberg’s Two  Factor Theory. Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs Starting at the bottom with physiological needs and moving upwards to safety, love/belongings, esteem, and eventually reaching self-actualization, Maslow’s hierarchy of needs is often shown as a five level pyramid. Wheelworks meet its employee’s first need, Physiological needs, just by paying them a salary. When Wheelworks pays its employees, it allows each employee to buy food, water, and pay for a shelter and clothing to maintain a constant body temperature. This first need on Maslow’s hierarchy of needs is essential and without it, humans would not be able to survive. Wheelworks meet Maslow second need, safety, by providing its employees with benefits such as health insurance, bonuses, and 401k plans. Because of the plans that Wheelworks offer its employees, areas such as financial security and health and well being are covered. Love and belongings, the third level of Maslow’s hierarchy of needs, is also covered by Wheelworks. Humans need to feel that they belong and are loved. Due to the positive atmosphere that Wheelworks offers, its employees feel loved and like they belong to the group. Due to this, Wheelworks also meets Maslow’s third need. The forth level of Maslow’s hierarchy of needs is esteem. Wheelworks also cover this level by recognizing its employees for its qualities. By recognizing each of its employee’s qualities, Wheelworks helps them build a stronger self-esteem and self-respect, covering the forth Maslow’s hierarchy of needs. The fifth nd last level of Maslow’s hierarchy of needs is self-actualization. This level of Maslow’s hierarchy of needs has been already reached by Wheelworks employees because of their love for the sport of cycling. Many of Wheelworks employees are highly educated and have better opportunities in other companies, but their love for cycling keeps them working at Wheelworks helping them reach Maslow’s need of self- actualization. Herzberg’s Two  Factor Theory U nlike Maslow’s five level hierarchy of needs, Herzberg’s theory has only focuses in two factors. Herzberg believed that there is a two-step approach to understanding employee motivation and satisfaction. These two steps are the hygiene factors and the motivator factors. Hygiene factors consist of the need to for a business to avoid unpleasantness at work. † If these factors are considered inadequate by employees, then they can cause dissatisfaction with work  Ã¢â‚¬Å"(tutor2u. net). Wheelworks meet the hygiene factor by providing a good salary, pleasant work environment, and health and 401k plans. These factors are not taken in account when one measures satisfaction, but the absence of these will cause dissatisfaction. The motivator factor is based on an individual’s need for personal growth. Wheelworks meet this factor by recognizing its employee’s qualities, challenging them, and giving them responsibilities. By doing this, Wheelworks employees stay motivated achieving above-average performance and effort. Number One Motivator Having a passion for the sport of cycling has become Wheelworks’ employees’ number one motivator. Many times, one would think that salary, health benefits, and good working conditions would rank high when it comes to job motivation, but without love of the work itself, all of these benefits would not be enough to motivate one’s employees. The main reason Wheelworks’ employees perform above-average and put an extra effort to do the job better is because their love for the sport of cycling. As long as Wheelworks provide its employees with the hygiene and motivator factors, its employees will stay motivated. Financial Rewards Even though that passion for the sport of cycling has become Wheelworks’ employees’ number one motivator, financial rewards also helps motivate them. One of the many ways that Wheelworks motivates its employees financially is by paying them the highest possible wage. By doing this, Wheelworks makes sure that its employees are well paid motivating them to stay within the company. Another method that Wheelworks uses to financially reward its employees is by offering vacation and sick pay, 401k, profit chairing, and health plan. By offering these benefits, Wheelworks ensures that its employees feel well taken care of resulting in a motivated staff. The last financial reward that Wheelworks uses to motivate its employees is giving them seasonal bonuses. Each bonus is subject to how good the company does during the season. Due to this, each employee is motivated to improve its performance which will eventually result in a bigger bonus. Commission One of the best strategies that Wheelworks has used to motivate its sale persons, but yet, maintain a superior customer services is giving seasonal bonuses instead of commission. Due to this strategy, Wheelworks customers receives a superior customer crevice and do not feel pressured to buy an expensive bike. This strategy also improves team work instead of having a constant competition among team members. Even though this strategy has worked greatly for Wheelworks, it could be improved. One way Wheelworks could improve its number of units sold is by giving a reward to the person that averages more units sold per hour in a week. For example, the person that averages the most units sold per week could choose one day to leave early and get paid for the whole day. Rewards like this one could significantly increase the number of units sold increasing the yearly revenue of Wheelworks. Works Cited (n. d. ). Retrieved April 10, 2010, from tutor2u. net: http://tutor2u. net/business/people/motivation_theory_herzberg. asp Janet A. Simons, D. B. (1987). Retrieved April 10, 2010, from honolulu. hawaii. edu: http://honolulu. hawaii. edu/intranet/committees/FacDevCom/guidebk/teachtip/maslow. htm W. Griffin, R. (2007). Management. Houghton Mifflin. Wheelworks_part1. (n. d. ). Retrieved April 10, 2010, from How to cite Case Study: Wheelworks, Free Case study samples

Information Technology in Fedex

Executive summary This report investigates the current information technology systems being used by Fedex Corporation and evaluates the effects of the adoption of these systems on the performance of the company in terms of productivity and profitability. The investigation has been carried out through evaluating the information systems that the company has adopted over the years and the benefits that have been derived from the use of these systems.Advertising We will write a custom research paper sample on Information Technology in Fedex specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The annual expenditures of the company on IT systems have also been presented by use of a graph.  The investigation reveals that the company has been using various information systems and is in fact among the industry leaders in terms of IT use. Comparisons with the industry leader i.e. UPS have been carried out and conclusions have been drawn. Introduction Fedex Corporation is a US Multinational courier services Corporation. The company was incorporated in 1997 and has its headquarters in Memphis, Tennessee. The acquisition of Caliber Systems Inc, another US company, by Federal Express in 1998 resulted in the founding of Fedex Corporation as is known today.  After the acquisition of Caliber, the company introduced new business services. These were an addition to the existing express shipping line of operation. The company’s services portfolio include transportation services, business services and e-commerce services and are available to customers across the globe. The company records annual revenues in excess of $43 billion and employs more than 300,000 team members (Fedex, 2013). Use of IT in Fedex Over the years, the company has been experimenting with new information systems. For example, in 2010, the company introduced a system that sought to expand its capabilities to carry out frozen shipping activities in the life sciences s ector. Using the new and improved technology makes sure that products being shipped remain in frozen conditions for a longer period of time. This is normally not the case with dry-ice shipping which, in most cases, requires re–icing of products while they are on transit. The company also carried out a complete overhaul of the online tracking system by installing an advanced system that improved the visibility of ships while on- transit using the web and computers. Another major technological advancement associated with the company is the use of a new and improved avionics system for their aircraft. This system is expected to improve the efficiency of the aircraft during takeoff and landing (Avnish, et al., 2010).Advertising Looking for research paper on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Productivity in Fedex Productivity can be defined as the average measure of the production efficiency of a company ( Griliches Jorgenson, 1966). It is the ratio of the output from production to the input used in the production process (Balk, 1998). Productivity and IT services at Fedex For Fedex and the courier services industry in general, there are various attributes that can be used to measure the overall productivity of the company. These attributes may include the organization and management of inventory, well monitored delivery schedules and timely delivery of shipments. The measures of productivity mentioned above do not only represent the achievement of labour productivity in the company but also represent the profitability of the entire company. This is because efficiency leads to improved performance and profitability. A business transaction in a courier service company like Fedex commences when a prospective customer places an order for delivery services with the company. In such a case, the reputation of the company in terms of success and efficiency in delivery is determined by how t he company goes around executing the transaction. Some of the useful measures of efficiency include accuracy, dependability, and on- time delivery of the parcel or shipment. Such a reputation attracts more customers to the company and therefore increased business opportunities. If the company continues to deliver services to the satisfaction of their customers, then, the company builds a strong reputation and brand name. Satisfied customers are therefore expected to rely on the company for courier services even in future. Building customer trust and confidence through optimal service delivery ensures retention of customers and therefore profitability of the company in the long run (Bartelsman Mark, 2000). Conclusion In conclusion, it is evident that Fedex Corporation continues to perform well and position itself competitively in the courier services industry. However, the company is behind United Parcel services (UPS), the industry leader in the US, in terms of the adoption of adva nced information technology and in terms of performance in general. The good performance is attributed to the use of advanced information technology systems by the company leading to improved productivity and efficiency (Alghalith, 2005). Appendix Expenditure on New technology and other investments by the company in Millions of USDAdvertising We will write a custom research paper sample on Information Technology in Fedex specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More References Alghalith, N. (2005). Competing with IT: The UPS Case, Journal of American Academy of Business, Cambridge, 7(2), 7-15. Avnish, C., Satyendra, S., Ankur, J. Rajeev, K. (2010). High-Tech Courier Services as an E-Courier services in India Prospective, Report and Opinion, 2(5), 25-28. Balk, B.M. (1998). Industrial Price, Quantity and Productivity Indices: The Micro-economic Theory and an Application, Boston: Kluwer Academic Publishers. Bartelsman, E. Mark, D. (2000). Und erstanding Productivity: Lessons from Longitudinal Micro-data, Journal of Economic Literature, 38(3), 569-594. Fedex, (2013). Company Overview. Web. Griliches, Z. Jorgenson, D.W. (1966). Sources of Measured Productivity Change: Capital Input, American Economic Review, 56(2), 50-61.Advertising Looking for research paper on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More This research paper on Information Technology in Fedex was written and submitted by user Kyla Burt to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. 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buy custom Ontology essay

buy custom Ontology essay (a) What does Heidegger mean by ontology? What is the subject-matter of this discipline? What sorts of things get included? Excluded? Martin Heidegger clearly refers to ontology as the Being as such. Hence ontology is said to be an inquiry into the very basis, the very unity of the different ontological categories. Thus this fundament or unity is to be realized in an analysis of the very important futures of a human being. Moreover its clear that the human being is the unifying fundament of fundamental ontology hence the subject matter of this discipline. Thus the following fundamental material contents are included in the work of the philosopher: The extensive elaboration of the thematic field which include the fundamental determination of intentionality, The immanent critique of phenomenological research which is given as a critical discussion of the four determinations of pure consciousness, the exposition of the neglect of the question of the being of the intentional as the basic field of phenomenological research and the exposition of the neglect of the question of the sense of being itself and of the being of man in phenomenology (Heidegger 1985) (b) What is the methodology according to which Heidegger thinks ontological investigation must be pursued? How does it compare with the method put forward by Brentano and Husserl? In what sense is it phenomenological? According to Heidegger, ontological investigation should follow up a particular motion by starting with the inquiry into our own being- us being the entities with some understanding of the basis for inquiry into the being of entities in general. The intrigue of being is then redeveloped into a queston of the intelligibility of matter. Heidegger then proposes the beginning from a description of our own being in the phenomena of our daily practical affairs then following into the start from the existentiell. Husserl, like Brentano, claims that the laws of what is thought must distinguish between the psychic process of judgment, the act in the broadest sense, and what is judged in these acts. Distinction is made between the real intake of the acts, the judging as such, and the ideal, the content of the judgment (Heidegger 1985). This is arrived at using phenomenological reasons. (c) What does Heidegger think is the relationship between the subject-matter of ontology, on the one hand, and the subject-matter of Brentanos psychology and Husserls phenomenology, on the other? What does Heidegger think is lacking in these previous attempts at first philosophy? Why does Heidegger think that ontology is the most fundamental discipline? In pursuing and analyzing the work of some leading researchers in phenomenology; the "phenomenon" notion as introduced by Husserl in his phenomenology discusses the early development of phenomenological research and examines the usefulness of reflecting anew upon its field of objects, out of itself according to its own principle. Thus it embraces in itself the following two issues: phenomenon as "representation of the world as it is reflected in consciousness" and the essence of a thing "as it is in itself, hence all his ideas are based heavily on consciousness. This has however made it clear for Heidegger that with a full representation of the structure of his phenomenology he mainly focuses on the being in general. Thus this brings a clear relationship of the being which reveals itself in all forms with its separate entities such as consciousness. Thus Heidegger shows that the being is a unity of all other phenomenological categories and is thus the most fundamental discipline. (d) Are there any obstacles that Heidegger recognizes will need to be overcome in order for ontology to be successful? Are there further obstacles that you think Heidegger will have to deal with? The phenomenological initial breakthrough concentrates on the very basic phenomena by which the objects of logic and epistemology are given. Hence it concentrates basically on the intentional structures which are essentially theoretical in character and at the same time particular on cognitive comportments which are said to be specifically scientific. Hence ontology must clarify the meaning of being and this in return will lay basis for an inquiry into the very being of entities in the general being thus leading to a successful ontology. The fact that the horizons of inquiry have remained the same as in traditional philosophy, they have triggered a successful venture of ontology according to his work in the history of concept of time, whereby Heidegger clarifies that the problems of Husserl and Scheler just serve only to define and portray the real development of phenomenology which gives a more complex application of the problem of demarcating and founding of the thematic field of p henomenology. Thus the due analysis of these studies will have to adhere to these two problems within this critical development of ontology. These were also at first complicated by the traditional disciplines of logic, ethics, sociology and philosophy of law which have holistically prevented the success of ontology. Buy custom Ontology essay

3 Errors Involving Prepositions

3 Errors Involving Prepositions 3 Errors Involving Prepositions 3 Errors Involving Prepositions By Mark Nichol You are attempting to describe an action, but you can’t remember whether one, say, goes in to the breach or into the breach, or whether one, for example, walks on to the next trail junction or onto the next trail junction. This post explains the respective roles of the operative words and phrases. A prepositional phrase is a phrase that includes a preposition, a word that, as its name implies, comes before the object of a sentence. For example, into and onto are prepositions describing movement in relation to objects in the prepositional phrases â€Å"into the trench† and â€Å"onto the roof.† Because these prepositional phrases provide additional information about an action that occurred (as in the sentences â€Å"She leaped into the trench† and â€Å"The boy climbed onto the roof†), they serve as adverbs. We usually think of adverbs as single words (as in â€Å"She leaped impetuously† or â€Å"The boy climbed quickly†), but adverbs can consist of two or more words, which appear without any additional information or combined with one-word adverbs, either adjacent to each other or separated by the subject and the verb (as in â€Å"She leaped impetuously into the trench† or â€Å"Quickly, the boy climbed onto the roof†). â€Å"In to† and â€Å"on to,† by contrast, each contain two distinct parts of speech: an adverb followed by a preposition. In and on follow a verb to provide additional information about it, and to precedes the object that follows the verb and its adverb, as in â€Å"She leaped in to search the trench† and â€Å"The boy climbed on to get a better look.† In the following examples, a preposition is mistakenly employed in place of an adverb-preposition compound consisting of the same letters as the preposition. After each sentence, a discussion, followed by a revision, explains the error. 1. His wife, under the assumption that she’d never see him again, has moved onto another man, and they’re planning on getting married. The prepositional phrase â€Å"moved onto† implies that the woman has literally relocated herself on the man’s body. However, â€Å"moved on to† includes the idiomatic phrase â€Å"moved on,† meaning â€Å"transitioned†: â€Å"His wife, under the assumption that she’d never see him again, has moved on to another man, and they’re planning on getting married.† 2. His job is not to give into the demands of multimillionaire celebrities pushing a social agenda. The use of into implies an entrance, but the key of this sentence is the idiom â€Å"give in,† meaning â€Å"submit,† so into must be broken up into its constituent parts: â€Å"His job is not to give in to the demands of multimillionaire celebrities pushing a social agenda.† 3. The cell phones were turned into the authorities. Here, into preceded by turned suggests a transformation, rather than the act of turning in, or handing over, so again, in must be separated from to to form part of the phrase â€Å"turning in†: â€Å"The cell phones were turned in to the authorities.† For a more detailed discussion about this issue, see this post about prepositions. Want to improve your English in five minutes a day? Get a subscription and start receiving our writing tips and exercises daily! Keep learning! Browse the Grammar category, check our popular posts, or choose a related post below:Coordinating vs. Subordinating Conjunctions75 Idioms and Expressions That Include â€Å"Break†Oppose and Opposed To

Write a report Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Write a report - Essay Example Quality needs to go upstream because of the shared responsibility of every player in the supply chain. Deming’s TQM philosophy encompasses not just the visible aspects of the sales process but also the unseen tasks that contribute towards the quality of a product. The traditional method of quality control was laborious and unproductive because it slowed down output and was also very unreliable at getting rid off defective products. The new way of thinking is to locate defective products earlier in the supply chain, which saves valuable time and resources. Increasing quality upstream only works to a point. Quality needs to be located all throughout the supply except with an emphasis upstream. Rework can not only be expensive for a firm, but it can demoralize employees because their efforts are seen to go to waste. Communication between top management and workers is crucial to ensure that rework is only used when it is vital to the objectives of the organization. Crown Audio has recognized the effect that rework can have on employees, and so the company has attempted to make everyone throughout the organization focus on producing high quality products, and if products need to be reworked, then employees are informed about

Attribution Theory and Its Relevance to Management Practice Essay

Attribution Theory and Its Relevance to Management Practice - Essay Example For the growing importance of human resource and it aspects, the study will discuss upon the attribution theory and its relevance to management practice. This is significant as it explains the way people are being judged depending upon the attributes that are assigned to their behaviors. Attribution Theory An attribution is an informal explanation for behavior or for any event. The attribution theory illustrates that the outcomes and behaviors eventually assist to form behavioral and emotional responses (Borkowski, N. â€Å"Organizational Behavior, Theory, and Design in Health Care†). The attributions that are casual in nature exert more stress on people’s perception for their successes and failures. Attribution theory establishes that every causal attribution have three dimensions namely stable or unstable, internal or external and controllable or uncontrollable. Individuals who perceive that they are successful due to the three dimensions that are stable, internal and controllable factors, have a propensity to be extremely motivated and consequently persist to be further victorious than those individuals with the alternative attribution styles. The attribution theory is a common cognitive theory of motivation that focuses upon the principles that present the casual attributes based upon present and future motivation and achievements (Penn State College of Engineering, â€Å"Overview: Attribution Theory†). The attribution theory also determines the level or finds out the causes for the dissatisfaction. The theory of attribution for the behavior of dissatisfaction was developed by the social psychologist that explains how an individual uncovers the clarification or reasons for their behavior or effects (Hoyer, W D., â€Å"Consumer Behavior†). For the explanation of the behavior and actions there are three factors that influence the nature of explanation. These three factors are stability, focus and controllability. Stability is the r eason for the temporary or permanent event. Focus is the problem that is related to the market or consumers. Furthermore, controllability is the event that is under the control of the marketers or customers. In general the customers are dissatisfied when the control is not under the customer, and when it is not customer related rather market related and perceived to be permanent in nature. With the assistance from the attribution theory, the marketers can be guided to deal with the potential and existing perception of customer dissatisfaction. Literature Review on Attribution Theory Heider was the first to recommend a psychological theory of attribution, but Weiner and his colleagues framed a theoretical structure that had turned out to be a major research model of social psychology. The attribution theory was developed from the theories of Fritz Heider, Keith Davis, Edward Jones and Harold Kelley. Fritz Heider was the first person to write about attribution theory in his book †˜The Psychology of Interpersonal Relationships’ in the year 1958. His writings have played a vital role in the commencing and explanation of attribution theory (Heider, â€Å"Psychology of Interpersonal Relations†). Harold Kelley theory has focused upon the model of satisfaction. He has described in his thesis about the satisfaction and dissatisfaction causes of the human beings.